Frost-Protected Shallow Foundations: Saving Energy and Construction Cost with Foam-Plastic Insulation

In areas of the United States that experience ground freezing during winter, standard building practice has called for footings to be dug below the frost line to protect against frost heave. Such excavations can extend to more than four feet below grade. Since the 1990s, however, the frost-protected shallow foundation (FPSF) design concept has gained […]